The 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP29) climate summit opened in Azerbaijan today, Monday 11 November, with heightened uncertainty by Donald Trump’s re-election and his renewed commitment to roll back American climate action.

Trump’s promise to withdraw the United States of America from the Paris Agreement has sparked concern among delegates, especially as 2024 is on track to set new global temperature records.

Negotiators in Baku aim to agree on a substantial increase in climate finance, potentially reaching up to $1 trillion, to support developing countries in mitigating climate impacts.

Currently, developing nations receive $100 billion annually, but argue they need grant-based funding to avoid deepening debt while preparing for worsening climate events. Wealthy nations are pushing for broader donor participation, urging high-emission countries such as China and Gulf states to contribute.

Though prominent leaders, including Joe Biden and top European Union officials, are absent, their delegations remain engaged, reflecting a commitment to advance climate talks despite political distractions. Ralph Regenvanu, Vanuatu’s climate envoy, emphasised the need for global unity, underscoring the risk of derailed action without US participation.

Host nation Azerbaijan, a key fossil fuel exporter, faces pressure to lead with clean energy initiatives, despite criticism over human rights issues. As COP29 continues for the next two weeks, leaders will grapple with balancing economic and environmental commitments under a shifting global landscape.

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