The Antarctic ozone hole is healing, with scientists confirming that global efforts to reduce ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are directly responsible for its recovery.

A Massachusetts Institute of Technology-led study published on Wednesday, 5 March, provides strong statistical evidence that the ozone layer’s restoration is not due to natural variability but the success of the Montreal Protocol.

The ozone hole, discovered in 1985, was caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) used in aerosols, refrigeration and insulation. These chemicals break down ozone molecules, allowing harmful ultraviolet rays to reach the Earth’s surface.

In response, the 1987 Montreal Protocol phased out CFCs globally, setting the stage for a natural replenishment of the protective layer.

Using a technique called “fingerprinting”, scientists analysed 15 years of satellite data and climate models, identifying a distinct pattern of ozone regeneration linked to ODS reduction. By 2018, recovery was confirmed with 95% confidence.

If current trends persist, the ozone hole could disappear by 2035, marking a major environmental victory. Researchers highlight this as proof that international cooperation can reverse human-caused environmental damage, offering hope for tackling climate change.

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